Hello CBET. Without seeing an actually picture of your padlock, I think it may be of the Champion type made by the Miller Lock Co. This lock was patented on July 26, 1870. You did, however, mention the Yale name. Yale &Towne purchased the Miller Lock Company in 1925, and continued to manufacture the push-key padlock. Finallyin 1929 the Champion name was replaced by the Yale logo.
The Arnall book is great for its many pictures, but not useful in dating. You may be interested in the book I’m publishing called “Unlocking the Portals of History”. As stated in my preface, “I have tried to bring as much detail as possible in describing these locks and their inventors and/or makers…I hope this adds a little human-interest to what may otherwise be viewed as cold, inanimate objects of steel, iron or brass.” The tentative date for its release is September. Meanwhile try to get a copy of Thomas F. Hennessy’s Locks and Lockmakers of America. Not only does it give the histories of various lock companies, but it also haslists of lock patents.
Scott