On the Remington & Sherman:
An interesting detail is that the large flange nuts (on the outer ring, see 4th image) are keyed in place with small screws. Obviously you don’t want the nuts to back out. In the early 1900s you didn’t have Loctite. But to me there are two questions. First, how do you keep the screws from backing out. Second, how do you adjust the nuts/studs so that the keyway for the screw is in the right place?
I also notice those studs appear to be center drilled, implying they were turned in a lathe between centers as part of their manufacturing.