Ken, Many are probably just painted, but in a former life I worked in an archaeology company. Museum quality preserved ferrous artifacts would go through a 3 step process; 1) electrolytic reduction (to remove rust), 2) immersion in tannic acid or multiple coats of tannic acid (this is when the ferrous material turns black), 3) wax impregnation (to seal from future corrosion). Hope that helps, Jim